Transforms a matrix into row echelon form (or reduced row echelon form) by applying a sequence of row operations, making it easier to solve for unknowns using backward substitution. Steps: Forward ...

Abstract: The line search has undergone numerous important improvements throughout the years, with many researchers concentrating on offering and developing developments that are suitable techniques ...

Abstract: Solving system of non-linear equation is a general purpose problem that can be applied to real-time applications. Although there are several methods like Newton-Raphson method, secant method ...

Once $A = LU$ is obtained, forward and backward substitution algorithms are used to solve the resulting triangular systems. These substitution algorithms efficiently ...