Probability is a measure of how likely an event is to occur within a specific range of possible outcomes. While it is often associated with gambling, probability theory plays a vital role in various ...

The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 82, No. 4 (Winter 2018), pp. 707-744 (38 pages) Many studies in various countries have found that telephone and internet surveys of probability samples yielded data ...

This paper develops a design-based inference mode for the analysis of randomized experiments embedded in probability samples . To generalize results obtained with field experiments to large ...

After my post the other day on tracking public opinion with biased polls, someone pointed me to this 2011 article by David Yeager, Jon Krosnick, LinChiat Chang, Harold Javitz, Matthew Levendusky, ...

Statistics are often estimated from a sample rather than from the entire population. If the inclusion probability of the sample is unknown to the researcher, that is, a nonprobability sample, naively ...

Sample space is a term used in mathematics to mean all possible outcomes. For example, the sample space for rolling a normal dice is {1,2,3,4,5,6} as these are all the only outcomes we can obtain. The ...

In ecology, as in other research fields, efficient sampling for population estimation often drives sample designs toward unequal probability sampling, such as in stratified sampling. Design based ...