Optimal control theory for differential equations is a pivotal discipline that combines rigorous mathematical analysis with practical applications in engineering, economics, and the natural sciences.

Differential equations and systems analysis. Undergraduate controls and/or signal processing course would satisfy this requirement. A graduate-level systems course is also helpful, but not necessary.

Since mid-September, when former U.S. Treasury Secretary Larry Summers withdrew his name from consideration to replace Ben Bernanke as chairman of the Federal Reserve next year, market participants ...