Check removed topics, updated syllabus, and deleted units to focus on key concepts for better preparation in the 2026 exams.

The table below comprises the names of units which are part of the latest syllabus for the 2025 exams. These chapters are intact with minor additions. Discovery of Electron, Proton, and Neutron, ...

Steven Nickolas is a writer and has 10+ years of experience working as a consultant to retail and institutional investors. Andy Smith is a Certified Financial Planner (CFP®), licensed realtor and ...

The Price to Earnings (P/E) ratio, a key valuation measure, is calculated by dividing the stock's most recent closing price by the sum of the diluted earnings per share from continuing operations for ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...