The transistor is probably the most important invention in electronic engineering and the basis for nearly all integrated circuits (ICs). The transistor is a three-terminal electronic device that can ...

Abstract: A simple process for the fabrication of all-diffused germanium NPN mesa transistors is described. The starting material is an N-type wafer with a P-type diffused skin. A key feature of the ...

Abstract: The recent advances in the area of design obfuscation are encouraging, but may present themselves as hard to read for a non-specialist audience. This tutorial uncovers these advances in a ...

In the early days, PNP bipolar transistors were common, but the bulk of circuits you see today use NPN transistors. As [Aaron Danner] points out, many people think PNP transistors are “backward” but ...