The authors used a Bayesian modeling framework to fit behavior and serotonin neuron activity to reward history across multiple timescales. A key goal was to distinguish value coding from other ...

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

No party – be it the RJD, Congress, BJP, the JD (U) or the smaller players like Chirag Paswan’s LJP (R), Jitan Ram Manjhi’s HAM and Upendra Kushwaha’s RLM – is an exception when it comes to preferring ...

In this paper we discuss the non-parametric estimation of a distribution function based on incomplete data for which the measurement origin of a survival time or the date of enrollment in a study is ...

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Earn 40 credits to qualify for Social Security; each $1,890 in 2026 counts as one credit. Claiming Social Security before full retirement age reduces benefit amounts. Survivor benefits are available ...