The identification of unknown molecules has been one of the cornerstone applications of mass spectrometry for decades. This tutorial reviews the basics of the interpretation of electrospray ionization ...

This Tutorial is to provide a summary of parameters useful for successful outcomes of laserspray ionization (LSI) and related methods that employ a laser to ablate a matrix:analyte sample to produce ...

Ionization energy is a fundamental concept in chemistry and physics, which represents the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion. This property plays a vital role in understanding ...

The variation among individual cells plays a significant role in many biological functions. Single-cell analysis is advantageous for gaining insight into intricate biochemical mechanisms rarely ...

Percent ionization is a key concept in chemistry that measures the degree to which a weak acid or weak base ionizes in a solution. This value helps researchers understand the behavior of various ...

Abstract: Bipolar carrier models for charge transport simulation in polymers have been developed for several years, but rarely consider the effect of ionization charges inside the polymer. In this ...