Abstract: Network-based anomaly detection plays a pivotal role in cybersecurity. Most detection models are based on unsupervised machine learning to learn such a normal flow pattern of network traffic ...

Microsoft Excel’s mathematical capabilities often go far beyond the needs of most everyday users. However, Excel’s built-in statistical functions make it an essential tool for anyone who works with ...

The forward price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) is a valuation metric that measures and compares a company's earnings using ...

The military monitors its service members’ fitness levels to ensure combat physical readiness and minimize loss of personnel to injury. Each military service selects its physical fitness tests to meet ...

Manage all AI prompts from one structured library with WinBuzzer Prompt Station. Use prompt-chains, prompts, text insertions with ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Grok, AI Studio, Mistral. With versioning, ...

If you are using Microsoft Excel to manage numerical data, at some point you're inevitably going to display percentages. Doing so can give you a new insight, or make summarizing heaps of data a bit ...

We calculate compound interest based on frequency. This frequency is the compound frequency, which refers to the number of times an interest is calculated and added to the principal amount within the ...

Variance is a useful analytical tool when it comes to measuring data, and helps you to calculate the range of numbers in a set of data. This is handy for a multitude of reasons, from calculating ...

Are you wondering how to calculate z-score in Excel? If so, you’ve landed on the right page. In statistics, a z-score tells us how far a data point is from the mean. While Excel still doesn't have an ...