The data booklet has some examples of complex ion-electron equations. As well as ions and electrons, they involve hydrogen ions (H +) and water (H 2 O). For example, consider permanganate ions (a ...

Researchers show how creating interference patterns with four laser beamlets improves the efficiency of energy transfer when accelerating electron and ion beams. This method can be used to enhance ...

A redox reaction is one in which both oxidation and reduction take place. Equations for redox reactions can be produced by adding together the two ion-electron equations representing each half-step ...