In many modern sciences, data often exist on curved geometric spaces rather than flat planes, posing challenges for traditional statistical tools. These curved spaces are called Riemannian manifolds.

The simple definition of a mean is that of a numeric quantity which represents the center of a collection of numbers. Here the trick lies in defining the exact type of numeric collection, as beyond ...

Chris Gallant, CFA, is a senior manager of interest rate risk for ATB Financial with 10 years of experience in the financial markets. Vikki Velasquez is a researcher and writer who has managed, ...