Hydrodynamics, which generally describes the flow of a fluid, is expected to hold even for fundamental particles such as electrons when inter-particle interactions dominate1. Although various aspects ...

In this diagram the upper-left end of the platinum film (shown in light blue) is hotter than the lower-right end. This causes electrons to flow from hot to cold. The spin Nernst effect is shown as ...

Electric currents can be steered by coupling the flow of electrons and ions in films of gold nanoparticles coated with ionic ligands. The co-existence of ionic flow and electron flow has been observed ...

The electrical resistance of a metal is caused by electrons being scattered from impurities in the material’s atomic lattice or from lattice vibrations called phonons. However, it is not affected by ...

A river made of graphene with the electrons flowing like water. Courtesy: Ryan Allen and Peter Allen, Second Bay Studios Electrons can behave like a viscous liquid as they travel through a conducting ...