Author’s note: This article shows how to derive circuit gain equations via a signal flow graph. With practice you may be able to write a gain equation by locating signal paths and loops in the ...

Circuit simulations are great because you can experiment with circuits and make changes with almost no effort. In Circuit VR, we look at circuits using a simulator to do experiments without having to ...

The injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) is a pivotal building block in modern radio frequency (RF) and mixed-signal systems. By utilising the phenomenon of injection locking, these dividers ...

If you’ve ever dealt with a brightly lit Christmas tree, you might understand the frustration of having to crawl underneath the tree to turn the lights on and off. [brmarcum] feel’s your pain. He’s ...

Download this article in PDF format. If you search the internet for “transformer equivalent circuits,” you’ll get five pages of over 100 small circuit diagrams. Figures 1 and 2 show two typical ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics. Although quite a few direct digital synthesis (DDS) ICs can generate high-frequency sine waves, their complexity excludes them from ...