The IPv4 header is a fundamental part of the Internet Protocol (IP) version 4, containing essential information about how a packet should be handled and delivered. Here’s a breakdown of the IPv4 ...

LENGTH is 4 bits. Final field of IPv4 Header (Options) is variable in length so this field is necessary to indicate the total length of the header. IDs the length of the header in 4-BYTE INCREMENTS.

Abstract: When packed loss caused by bit error occurs in the data transmission of IP network, one should retransmit the corrupted data to avoid information loss ...

It’s no news that the Internet, which currently runs on internet protocol version 4 (IPv4), has a limited number of IP addresses available, and has already fallen short to suffice the needs of ...