When cancer cells are physically squeezed, they mount an instant, high-energy defense by rushing mitochondria to the cell nucleus, unleashing a surge of ATP that fuels DNA repair and survival. This ...

The proton gradients that power respiration are as universal as the genetic code itself, giving an insight into the origin of life and the singular origin of complexity. Why do virtually all cells ...

The chemical reactions on which life depends need a place to happen. That place is the cell. All the things which biology recognises as indisputably alive are either cells or conglomerations of cells ...

Neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) are debilitating conditions that affect millions of people worldwide every year. These pathologies are ...

Temperature is a key physiological factor that determines the speed of immune reactions. While this may seem obvious, it has ...