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The reason why large language models are called ‘large’ is not because of how smart they are, but as a factor of their sheer size in bytes. At billions of parameters at four bytes each, they pose a ...

Physicists have demonstrated size quantization of charge carriers, i.e. quantized conductance in nanoscale samples of graphene. Quantum mechanics is the field of physics governing the behavior of ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract We apply Dirac's method of quantization in the presence of a constraint to the hydrogen atom described by the R⁴ coordinates of Kustaanheimo ...

Kostant's quantization procedure is applied for constructing irreducible projective representations of a solvable Lie group from symplectic homogeneous spaces on which the group acts. When specialized ...