KS3 Geography. Maps and navigation. Co-ordinates and grid references. JOE CROWLEY: When you need to find out exactly where you are on a map you can use co-ordinates to pinpoint your location. When ...

A grid of squares helps the map-reader to locate a place. The vertical lines are called eastings. They are numbered - the numbers increase to the east. The horizontal lines are called northings as the ...

Convert between Irish grid references and Irish Grid coordinates, or an sf object in any coordinate reference system. An Irish grid reference is a way of referring to a square of certain size on the ...

The earthly globe is spherical; more precisely, it is an oblate spheroid, like a ball slightly flattened at the poles. More precisely still, it is a triaxial ellipsoid that closely approximates a ...