(Nanowerk News) The chemistry between atoms and molecules is strongly determined by their outer electron orbitals, or clouds, which participate in chemical processes. A team from three Japanese ...

Atomic orbitals are the quantum states of the individual electrons in the electron cloud around a single atom. Specifically, atomic orbitals are the quantum states of the individual electrons in the ...

Speeding up chemical reactions is key to improving industrial processes or mitigating unwanted or harmful waste. Realizing these improvements requires that chemists design around documented reaction ...