Grupo de Física Teórica e Experimental, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. As remarked in [1], the sine-Gordon (SG) model ...
In the study of circular functions, the unit circle plays a central role in linking angles with trigonometric values. By defining sine, cosine, and tangent in terms of coordinates on a circle of ...
While graphs for cosine and sine functions are similar, those for tangent functions differ significantly from them, sharing only in that they show periodicity and symmetry. Recall \(\tan(x)= ...
$$ G^2_i = \sum_{j,,k~(j,,k\neq i)} (1 + \lambda \cos \theta_{ijk})^\xi \cdot e^{-\eta , (R_{ij}^2 + R_{ik}^2 + R_{jk}^2)^2} f_\mathrm{c}(R_{ij}) , f_\mathrm{c}(R_{ik ...
A systematic renormalisation group technique for studying the 2D sine-Gordon theory (Coulomb gas, XY model) near its phase transition is presented. The new results are (a) higher order terms in the ...
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NEW DELHI: He’s taught at Cambridge and Oxford. He’s now professor emeritus at Sussex University. new delhi: he's taught at cambridge and oxford. he's now professor emeritus at sussex university. his ...
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