One can acquire humoral immunity to a specific infection or disease if administered with antibodies from someone who was previously been exposed to the same infection, circumventing the humoral ...

Robert A. Barrington, Thomas J. Schneider, Lisa A. Pitcher, Thorsten R. Mempel, Minghe Ma, Natasha S. Barteneva, Michael C. Carroll, Douglas T. Fearon Proceedings of ...

Just as robust stone walls and expansive moat waters protect a castle and its inhabitants from foreign intruders, the body’s adaptive immunity mounts two defensive arms against pathogens: B cells and ...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated acute liver failure (ALF) is a dramatic clinical syndrome leading to death or liver transplantation in 80% of cases. Due to the extremely rapid clinical course, the ...

Humoral immunity produces antigen-specific antibodies and is primarily driven by B cells. Cell-mediated immunity on the other hand does not depend on antibodies for its adaptive immune functions and ...

The innate/general resistance system and the adaptive system are the two main subsystems of the immune system. To generate an efficient immune response, the innate and adaptive systems constantly ...