Abstract: Compared with common 3-D measurements technologies, indirect time-of-flight (i-TOF) systems offers significant advantages in volume, cost, power consumption, accuracy, range, and angular ...

This article discusses simple processes for addressing the random and systematic errors caused by the dead time in a gramma-ray spectrometer. It also explains the applicability of the livetime clock ...

Developing a method is an important part of planning an investigation. In an experiment, evaluate the validity of the steps leading up to the conclusion for it to be valid. Random and systematic ...

This paper examines the effects of systematic and random errors in recall and of selection bias in case–control studies of mobile phone use and cancer. These sensitivity analyses are based on ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...