Abstract: Butterworth low-pass filters are an important knowledge point in analog circuits and a common technique used in engineering practice. Starting from the first-order Butterworth low-pass ...

One of the jobs of a circuit designer is to build a measurement system that provides valid input-to-output data as defined by the system requirements over a given frequency range. The four possible ...

A low-pass filter is the most common filter found in data acquisition systems. Typically this type of filter is used to reduce analog-to-digital converter (ADC) aliasing errors and noise outside the ...

My previous column described the Sallen-Key circuit for a low-pass filter. At times, you will not find a low-pass filter with the specifications you need in an anti-alias circuit, so you might decide ...

The voltage reference sets the limit to the input analog signal that the ADC can resolve. Equation 1 is the ideal transfer function of an ADC where the output code—in decimal form—is computed by the ...